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chip log
A chip log, also called common log, ship log, or just log, is a navigation tool mariners use to estimate the speed of a vessel through water. The word ''knot'', to mean nautical mile per hour, derives from this measurement method.
== History ==
All nautical instruments that measure the speed of a ship through water are known as logs.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.seatalk.info/cgi-bin/nautical-marine-sailing-dictionary/db.cgi?db=db&uid=default&FirstLetter=l&sb=Term&view_records=View+Records&nh=5 )〕 This nomenclature dates back to the days of sail, when sailors tossed a log attached to a rope knotted at regular intervals off the stern of a ship. Sailors counted the number of knots that passed through their hands in a given time to determine the ship's speed. They had to know the speed to navigate using dead reckoning, which was usual practice before modern navigation instruments like GPS. Today, sailors and aircraft pilots still express speed in knots.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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